Simulation of Surface and Subsurface Water Quality in Hyper-Arid Environments

Forty-eight water samples (30 groundwater and 18 surface samples) were collected from the study region. Physical chemical examinations performed on to determine values of various variables. Several graphs, sheets, statistical measures, including sodium solubility percentage (SSP), absorption ratio (SAR), Piper’s diagram, used plot concentration principal ions chloride mass balance (CMB). The contents variables compared with in other local areas standard allowable safe limits as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Water pH neutral for all samples. Electric conductivity (EC) readings revealed that vacillated slightly mineralized excessively mineralized. salinities fresh very according total dissolved solids (TDS) amounts. hardness ranged medium hard Bicarbonate, sodium, calcium made up highest amounts concentrations bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, found groundwater. Diagrams show major ion relationships well type origin water. According plots, most under investigation Ca-HCO3 type, Mg types, followed SO4.Ca-Cl types. This highlighted elemental preponderance bicarbonate alkaline earth (Ca2+ + Mg2+). dominance is caused evaporite carbonate minerals dissolving because anthropogenic activities interaction processes. recharge was estimated be 0.89–1.6 mm/yr based Chloride Mass Balance. examined can also cattle, poultry, irrigation. Additionally, poorer quality than water, although both types are adequate industries, a range 14 94 percent. With exception few samples, tested suitable number applications.